The five key parts of a computer are :
1) Processor
2) Memory
3) Input/Output devices
4) disk storage
5) programs Figure
4.1 shows the basic components of a microcomputer and how they fit together. Before the advent of integrated circuits, individual portions of computers were housed on separate boards or even in separate units made up of many boards. Today, the majority of the circuits of the microcomputer are housed on a single printed circuit called the system board or motherboard. The usual components on the motherboard include the main processor and its support circuits, memory, I/O interface and a cup system which enables the CPU to talk to other components that are not integrated with the motherboard. The processor is the brain of the microcomputer. It executes instructions and programs. The processor performs arithmetic and simple logical operations. In a microcomputer like PC, the main processor is a microprocessor. Memory is the microcomputer workplace.
The size of a microcomputers memory sets a practical limit on the kinds of work that can be undertaken. The variety of tools that can be used at any time is largely determined by the size of the memory of the microcomputer. Microcomputers are rated by the amount of memory they have.
The computer takes in and sends out date through input/output devices. They include what we type on the keyboard and what the computer shows on the display screen or prints on the printer. The I/O device. It is the computer reference library, filing cabinet, and toolbox all in one. The computer keeps data in the disk when they are not in use in the computers memory. The disks are the most practical and important medium for storing data.
Programs bring a computer to life, make it go, and turn it into a powerful working tool. Programs tell the computer what to do, when to do and how to do.
